This is the fourth volume of proceedings of the Āgama seminars convened by the Āgama Research Group at the Dharma Drum Institute of Liberal Arts (formerly Dharma Drum Buddhist College). It comprises nineteen studies, contributed by eighteen different scholars, on various themes related to the Connected Collections of discourses (suttas, sūtras) — Saṃyutta-nikāya in Pali, Saṃyukta-āgama in Sanskrit — transmitted by different early Buddhist lineages of reciters, preserved in their Indic originals in Gandhari, Pali and Sanskrit as well as in Chinese and Tibetan translations. This research draws attention to fundamental methodological points posed by the study of these scriptural collections as windows into the formation of early Buddhist texts and the organisation of their transmission.
作者簡介
About the editor:Bhikkhunī DhammadinnāDharma Drum Institute of Liberal ArtsAbout the contributors:Oskar von HinüberAlbert-Ludwigs-Universität FreiburgBhikkhu AnālayoUniversität HamburgRupert GethinUniversity of BristolRichard SalomonUniversity of WashingtonMark AllonUniversity of SidneyJoseph MarinoUniversity of WashingtonJin-il Chung (鄭鎮一)Akademie der Wissenschaften zu GöttingenPeter Skilling (Bhadra Rujirathat)École française d’Extrême-OrientJens-Uwe HartmannLudwig-Maximilians-Universität MünchenYao Fumi (八尾 史)Waseda Institute for Advanced StudiesBhikkhunī DhammadinnāDharma Drum Institute of Liberal ArtsBhikkhu PāsādikaAcadémie bouddhique Linh-SonBhikṣu Huimin (釋惠敏)Dharma Drum Institute of Liberal ArtsTaipei National University of the ArtsKarashima Seishi (辛嶋 靜志)The International Research Institute for Advanced Buddhology at Soka UniversityMarcus BingenheimerTemple UniversityKen Su [Su Jinkun (蘇錦坤) ]Āgama Research GroupChoong Mun-keat (鍾秉潔) [Wei-keat (煒傑)]University of New EnglandStefania TravagninRijksuniversiteit Groningen
班迪達尊者是當代最偉大的禪修老師之一。「念住內觀」禪法是班迪達尊者有關定學的最核心教導,他強調禪修關鍵是不斷地保持正念。解脫苦是一切眾生最迫切的需求,每個人都有「解脫」的可能,那是隱藏在內心裡的美好,實現它是我們生而為人最大的價值展現。我們無須獨自走上一條未知的道路,「念住內觀」禪法即是能讓眾生滅除苦憂、體證涅槃的唯一道路。班迪達尊者在本書中為我們指出,這條離苦得樂的正念之道就在每個人自己的身心之中。他詳盡地解說了如何走上這條解脫道路的原則與方法,並邀請我們要以最大的精進,超越自己所認定的極限。他常告誡禪修者:「瞄準目標,集中!別讓心溜掉!請保持精進!」如果我們能保持正念、如實覺知,就能在每個剎那相續的經驗中,穿越重重的煩惱苦林,現證寂滅之樂。在本書中,班迪達尊者首先提醒我們,要遵循佛陀的「法」與「律」而生活,依戒、定、慧三學而修行,才能獲得解脫的快樂。接著,他建議以四種護衛禪——佛隨念、慈心禪、不淨觀與死隨念,來保護我們擺脫由貪、瞋煩惱所引發的擾亂,而能免於內在與外在敵人的危險。「念住內觀」禪法是班迪達尊者有關定學的最核心教導,他強調禪修的關鍵是不斷地保持正念。如果能以強力的「念」持續地穿透所緣的對象,心便受到正念的保護,不受煩惱攻擊,覺知會變得愈來愈集中且直接,進一步能生起觀慧,讓人親見身心過程的本質,認出它們是無常的、不受控制且不圓滿的,而獲得解脫。他教導禪修者:★在打坐時,標示與觀察自然呼吸下腹部「起」與「伏」的動作,並如實地覺知感受。★在行禪時,以正念覺知腳部「抬起、移動、踏下」的動作。★在一般日常活動時,時時刻刻都將注意力放在最明顯的對象上,對一切保持密集覺知。班迪達一生持戒精嚴,素以嚴格的教學與勇悍的禪法聞名。本書的內容即是來自二○○三年五月,他在美國麻州「內觀禪修協會」的長期閉關中心「森林皈依所」主持一個月的閉關時,為閉關學員所作的開示。
作者簡介
班迪達尊者 Sayadaw U Pandita
於1921年生於仰光近郊的因盛鎮(Insein),十二歲出家。1947年,他通過巴利會考的高級考。1954年,尊者以巴利校審員的身分參與第六次三藏結集的組織工作與佛典編輯。1950年,廿九歲的尊者開始追隨當代內觀大師馬哈希尊者(Mahāsi Sayādaw)修習念住內觀(Satipaṭṭhāna Vipassanā)禪法。當馬哈希尊者於1982年過世後,尊者即被選聘為該中心的導師。從此,他一生都在弘揚念住內觀的實修教學。1990年起,班迪達禪師陸續在東南亞、歐美等地成立禪修中心,尤其是緬甸勃固的森林道場,更成為外國禪修者學習念住內觀禪法的首選之地。念住內觀禪法因而廣傳至世界各地。班迪達尊者以持戒精嚴、嚴格教學而聞名,晚年時仍不畏病苦,四處弘法。尊者於2016年4月16日安詳示寂。他的著作有《就在今生》(In This Very Life)、《解脫道上》(On the path of Freedom)、《寧靜安樂之路》(The Way to the Happiness of Peace)、《炎炎夏日的雨水》(Rain Drop in Hot Summer)等,其中《就在今生》更是學習禪修者必讀的寶典。
譯者簡介
觀行者
教育科技博士,曾任教於淡江大學,辭去教職後,致力於佛學研修及翻譯。譯作有《祈禱的力量》、《慈悲與智見》、《進入禪定的第一堂課:超越觀呼吸》、《一行禪師講金剛經》、《療癒身心的十種想》等(以上皆由橡樹林文化出版)。
Taiwan went through an intense period of social change in 1949. The island's politics, economy, ethnicity …… had undergone considerable change. In response this period of tumultuous change, Master Dong Chu founded the "Humanity" magazine to help people cope.
Seventy years later, "Humanity" had weathered being shelved, relaunched and redesigned. It still continues to publish topics that help people cope with the changes in today's world monthly. As "Humanity" approaches its 70th anniversary, it is encountering a different kind of changing world. 27 June 2018, with the aim of sharing the diversity of spiritual practices, we invited dharma masters from different traditions to share the compassion and wisdom of Buddhadharma. The full texts of the keynote speeches and panels are included in this special issue of " Awakening in the Global Buddhist Village".
"Humanity's" guiding teacher, Master Sheng Yen, dedicated his life to bringing Chinese Chan Buddhism to the West. Many Westerners who became his students twenty to thirty years ago continue to follow his footsteps, engage in self cultivation and teaching, establish centers and transmit the lineage. How did they discover Chan Buddhism and how did they find their teacher, Master Sheng Yen? These stories of the teacher and the student are very inspirational.
In the twenty first century, on this 70th anniversary of "Humanity" magazine, Buddhism has spread around the world resembling a global Buddhist village. From the United States of America, Bhikkhu Bodhi described his process of transformation from a traditional monastic to that of a social advocator because he witnessed the oppression of human beings caused by the current social systems; to Italy's Bhikkhun? Dhammadinn? who shared about her journey of how she went from learning dancing to engaging in Buddhist research and ultimately to becoming a female monastic.
Contributing to the world in our capacity of Chinese Chan Buddhism, "Humanity"70 along with the Buddhist Dharma family all over the world and our friends on the same path, let us "Awaken in the Global Buddhist Village"!
About the Humanity magazine
Founded in 1949, Humanity magazine was the first Buddhist magazine published and released in Taiwan. Founded by Ven. Dong Chu and later continued by his disciple Master Sheng Yen, it has been one of the most influential magazines in Taiwan’s Buddhist circles.
Humanity magazine concerns itself about contemporary development of Buddhism, and puts an emphasis on the uplifting of people’s minds and spiritual lives. Each month’s topic not only touches upon various social phenomena, but also explores from Buddhist concepts to worldly studies, to encourage readers to search their inner beings and incorporate Buddhist practice into their daily lives. For cover and layout design, the magazine has invited outstanding illustrators to help render an elegant yet fun style, thus through pages allowing readers to slow down and find a space for spiritual relaxation, self-transformation, and the enjoyment of purity and freedom by applying the Dharma in life.
The magazine had been discontinued for a while due to Master Sheng Yen’s solitary retreat practice. When it was reissued in 1982, as an encouragement, he wrote:
Seek progress in the ordinary life and see the glory of life in hardship.
Seek development in harmony and see the hope in the hard work.
Seek abundance in peace and calm and see the solemness in the training.
Seek wisdom in silence and see the compassionate aspiration in the proactive commitment.
In the future, the Humanity magazine will continue to uphold Master Sheng Yen’s encouragements and expectations, to keep on sharing Buddhist wisdom and compassion, to help bring brightness and hope to the world.
The present book collects research papers by Bhikkhu Anālayo related to Vinaya. Recurrent topics are the nature of Vinaya narrative and the overlap between discourse and Vinaya material, both of which have significant ramifications for the use of such textual material by the modern scholar. In addition, topics taken up in the course of this book are the legal consequences of pārājika, the mass suicide of monks, the tale of Vessantara's lavish giving, the impact of the account of the first saṅgīti on attitudes towards Vinaya rules, the account of the foundation of the order of bhikkhunīs, and the legal dimensions of the revival of the bhikkhunī order.
作者簡介
Bhikkhu Anālayowas born in Germany in 1962 and ordained in Sri Lanka in 1995. He completed a Ph.D. thesis at the University of Peradeniya (Sri Lanka) in 2000 and a habilitation thesis at the University of Marburg (Germany) in 2007. At present he is a professor at the University of Hamburg, Numata Center for Buddhist Studies (Germany).
佛陀曾言:「這是使眾生清淨,超越愁悲,滅除苦憂,成就聖道,體證涅槃的唯一道路,即四念處。」《正念的四個練習》就是教你練習佛陀親授的「四念處」本書《正念的四個練習》是以《大念處經》(Maha Satipatthana Sutta)為基礎,提供完整清晰的解釋。作者喜戒禪師是馬哈希禪師(Mahasi Sayadaw, 1904-1982)的親近弟子之一,他以古代註釋書、註疏,以及馬哈希禪師所寫的緬文註釋為本書的論釋基礎,引領一般初學者,以最貼近佛陀原始教法學習禪定。在《大念處經》中,佛陀以二十一種方式親自指導人們如何修習念處觀,闡釋四種念處,其實就是教導我們如何練習「四念處」。念處意指「念」的「立足處」,修習念處觀就是具有正念地觀照諸法。四念處是一套對正念的完整禪修方法,針對「身、受、心、法」四項隨觀身心當下實況的修行法門。佛陀以十四種方式解說身隨觀:入出息念、身體姿勢、正念正知、觀身不淨、四界分別觀與墓園九觀。受隨觀只以一種方式描述:隨觀心識,因為感受是心對境所體驗到的苦、樂或不苦不樂等心理狀態。法隨觀以五種方式描述:隨觀五蓋、五取蘊、六內入處與外入處、七覺支與四聖諦。著重身心現觀的四念處,若以為用頭腦思辨就能獲得解脫,四念處就只是理論了。練習「四念處」就從《正念的四個練習》開始。
作者簡介
喜戒禪師Venerable U Sīlānanda(巴利文),音譯為「尸羅難陀」禪師◎1927年,出生於緬甸的曼德勒(Mandalay)。◎1943年出家,1947年受具足戒成為比丘。◎1954年跟隨馬哈希禪師(Mahasi Sayadaw)修習觀禪;同年在三藏佛典的「第六次大結集」中,擔任編輯。◎1979年,跟隨馬哈希禪師至美國弘法,之後經由馬哈希禪師指定,留在美國傳授禪修與佛教課程。◎目前擔任「美國上座部佛教協會」(Theravada Buddhist Society of America,簡稱TBSA)的榮譽顧問、加州半月灣「法喜寺」(Dhammananda Vihara)住持、緬甸仰光國際上座部佛教弘法大學(International Theravada Buddhist Missionary University)的校長。◎著作包括:《正念的四個練習》(The Four Foundations of Mindfulness)、《業法入門》(An Introduction to the Law of Kamma)等(以上為英文著作);《初轉法輪經》(The First Sermon)、《巴利文中的推理論》(Exposition of Syllogism in Pali)等(以上為緬文著作)。
譯者簡介
賴隆彥海洋大學造船系畢業,中華佛學研究所研究。曾任中華佛學研究所藏文講師、智光工商德育老師、佛光出版社資深編輯、普門雜誌社資深編輯。譯作有:《森林中的法語》《平靜的第一堂課──觀呼吸》《阿姜查的禪修世界》(戒、定、慧)《佛陀的聖弟子傳》《正念的四個練習》《無常》《正念之道》《一心走路》等(以上皆由橡樹出文化出版)。
The present book collects research papers by Bhikkhu Anālayo containing translations of Dīrgha-āgama discourses and comparative studies of their Pāli parallels (as well as relevant Sanskrit fragments), together with three appendices. Several chapters and the appendices are devoted to examining aspects of the early Buddhist oral transmission. In addition, topics taken up in the course of this book are the analysis of views in the Brahmajāla, healing in early Buddhism, the Buddha's last meditation, his display of fire miracles, levitation, debating strategies, and the future Buddha Maitreya.
作者簡介
Bhikkhu Anālayowas born in Germany in 1962 and ordained in Sri Lanka in 1995. He completed a Ph.D. thesis at the University of Peradeniya (Sri Lanka) in 2000 and a habilitation thesis at the University of Marburg (Germany) in 2007. At present he is a professor at the University of Hamburg, Numata Center for Buddhist Studies (Germany).
The present book collects research papers by Bhikkhu Anālayo with translations of Ekottarika-āgama discourses and comparative studies of their Pāli parallels, together with three appendices on the terms Mahāyāna, Hīnayāna, and Theravāda. Several papers study aspects of the Ekottarika-āgama as a collection distinct from other Nikāya and Āgama collections. In addition, topics taken up in the course of this book are seclusion, the lion's roar, the wheel-turning king, Paccekabuddhas, and the four noble truths, as well as depictions of accomplished nuns and their significance.
作者簡介
Bhikkhu Anālayo was born in Germany in 1962 and ordained in Sri Lanka in 1995. He completed a Ph.D. thesis at the University of Peradeniya (Sri Lanka) in 2000 and a habilitation thesis at the University of Marburg (Germany) in 2007. At present he is a professor at the University of Hamburg, Numata Center for Buddhist Studies (Germany).